Evaluation of the health level of the elderly: patient care team considerations / Evaluación del estado de salud de los ancianos: miradas del grupo de asistencia al paciente / Avaliação do nível de saúde dos idoso: olhares da equipe de assistência ao paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the differences of physicians, nurses, and social workers in the evaluation of the health status of the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study, using descriptive statistics. Non-probabilistic sample, consisting of 291 participants from three professional categories: 71 (24.4%) physicians, 192 (66%) nurses, and 28 (9.6%) social workers. We used a questionnaire including the variables: sociodemographic characteristics and instruments used for evaluation. Results: Instruments with greater utility for the evaluation of the elderly: for physicians, Mini Mental State Examination; for nurses, Braden scale; and for social workers, genogram. In the physical examination, the data most collected by physicians and nurses are the vital signs; and by social workers, the condition for performing the Activities of Daily Living. Conclusions: The evaluation of the elderly is based on a diversity of instruments and is an area in which health and social professionals need to share information.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las diferencias de médicos, enfermeros y asistentes sociales en la evaluación del estado de salud de los ancianos. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo transversal, con uso de estadística descriptiva. Muestra no probabilística, constituida por 291 participantes provenientes de tres categorías profesionales: 71 (24,4%) médicos, 192 (66%) enfermeros y 28 (9,6%) asistentes sociales. Utilizó encuesta contemplando las variables: características sociodemográficas e instrumentos utilizados para evaluación. Resultados: Instrumentos con mayor utilidad para evaluación de los ancianos: para médicos, Mini-Examen del Estado Mental; para enfermeros, Escala de Braden; y para asistentes sociales, Genograma. En el examen físico, los datos más recogidos por los médicos y enfermeros son los signos vitales; y por los asistentes sociales, la condición para ejecutar las Actividades de Vida Diaria. Conclusiones: La evaluación de los ancianos tiene por base una diversidad de instrumentos y se presenta como área en que los profesionales de salud y sociales necesitan compartir informaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender as diferenças dos médicos, enfermeiros e assistentes sociais na avaliação do nível de saúde dos idosos. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo transversal, com uso de estatística descritiva. Amostra não probabilística, constituída por 291 participantes provenientes de três categorias profissionais: 71 (24,4%) médicos, 192 (66%) enfermeiros e 28 (9,6%) assistentes sociais. Utilizouse questionário contemplando as variáveis: características sociodemográficas e instrumentos utilizados para avaliação. Resultados: Instrumentos com maior utilidade para avaliação dos idosos: para médicos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental; para enfermeiros, Escala de Braden; e para assistentes sociais, Genograma. No exame físico, os dados mais coletados pelos médicos e enfermeiros são os sinais vitais; e pelos assistentes sociais, a condição para executar as Atividades de Vida Diária. Conclusões: A avaliação dos idosos tem por base uma diversidade de instrumentos e apresenta-se como área em que os profissionais de saúde e sociais necessitam compartilhar informações.

Influencias de factores estructurales y de desarrollo sobre el funcionamiento familiar

Objective: To assess the influence of structural and developmental factors on family functioning. Material and Method: Analytical, cross-sectional study with 200 individuals from 100 Brazilian families. Data were collected with the instrument The Assessment of Strategies in Family-Effectiveness (ASF-E/Brasil); a form to characterize the participants, to identify the roles, the development cycle and a field diary to describe family arrangements. For analysis, data were evaluated for simple frequency, means and Spearman correlation coefficient (p) (p 50.0% and the predominant role was that of mother. More than 75.0% families were in more than one development cycle, with a predominance of the phase of "launching" their children. The cycle with the best mean value of effectiveness in family functioning was "Family with preschool children (older child between 30 months and 6 years old)". There was a significant correlation between all the arrangements and there was no correlation between roles and development cycles with the effectiveness of family functioning. Conclusions: The structural, developmental and functional assessment of the family showed the influence of the arrangements on family functioning.

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de factores estructurales y de desarrollo en el funcionamiento familiar. Material y Método: Estudio analítico transversal con 200 individuos de 100 familias brasileñas. Los datos fueron recolectados con el instrumento Avaliação das Estratégias de Efetividade Familiar (ASF-E/Brasil); se aplicó un formulario para caracterizar a los participantes, identificar los roles, el ciclo de desarrollo y se usó un diario de campo para describir los arreglos familiares. Para el análisis, se evaluaron los datos con frecuencia simple, medias y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (p) (p 50,0% y el papel predominante fue el de madre. Más del 75,0% de las familias se encontraban en más de un ciclo de desarrollo, con un predominio de la fase de "lanzamiento" de los hijos. El ciclo con el mejor valor medio de efectividad en el funcionamiento familiar fue "Familia con niños en edad preescolar (niños mayores entre 30 meses y 6 años)". Hubo una correlación significativa entre todos los arreglos y no hubo correlación entre los roles y los ciclos de desarrollo con la efectividad del funcionamiento familiar. Conclusiones: La evaluación estructural, de desarrollo y funcional de la familia mostró la influencia de los arreglos en el funcionamiento familiar.

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de fatores estruturais e de desenvolvimento no funcionamento familiar. Material e Método: Estudo analítico transversal com 200 indivíduos de 100 famílias brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados com o instrumento Avaliação das Estratégias de Efetividade Familiar (ASF-E/Brasil); um formulário para caracterizar os participantes, identificar os papéis, o ciclo de desenvolvimento e um diário de campo para descrever os arranjos familiares. Para a análise, foram avaliados os dados de frequência simples, médias e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (p) (p 50,0% e o papel predominante foi o da mãe. Mais de 75,0% das famílias estavam em mais de um ciclo de desenvolvimento, com predomínio da fase de "lançamento" dos filhos. O ciclo com melhor valor médio de eficácia no funcionamento familiar foi "Família com filhos em idade pré-escolar (filhos mais velhos entre 30 meses e 6 anos)". Houve uma correlação significativa entre todos os arranjos e não houve correlação entre papéis e ciclos de desenvolvimento com a eficácia do funcionamento familiar. Conclusões: A avaliação estrutural, de desenvolvimento e funcional da família mostrou a influência dos arranjos no funcionamento familiar.

Atividade física e qualidade de vida em indivíduos renais crônicos / Physical activity and quality of life in chronic kidney individuals

INTRODUÇÃO: As alterações impostas pela doença renal e por seu tratamento interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com doença renal crônica. A atividade física é relatada como uma alternativa terapêutica nesta população, porém a maioria dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise apresentam baixos níveis de atividade física. OBJETIVO: verificar a correlação entre a atividade física e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Este estudo é observacional, analítico, descritivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido em uma das Unidades de Hemodiálise da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, na atenção clínica terciária, durante o período de novembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Foram incluídos indivíduos maiores de 18 anos e em tratamento hemodialítico por doença renal crônica há mais de três meses, pertencentes ao serviço de hemodiálise. Os critérios de exclusão foram os indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença renal aguda; aqueles que apresentaram aparentemente dificuldades em compreender, responder ou que não realizaram completamente os instrumentos de avaliação propostos (qualidade de vida e pedômetros), indivíduos que no momento da avaliação não apresentaram condições clínicas estáveis. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela análise dos prontuários clínicos e eletrônicos e entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se avaliação pelos pedômetros e pelo questionário Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form-KDQOL-SFTM. Análises de modelagem por regressão foram realizadas para testar a associação entre o número de passos/dia e os desfechos avaliados RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos na amostra 40 pacientes, destes, 70% são homens, com média de idade de 59,9 ± 13,0 anos. Na correlação entre atividade física e qualidade de vida, o número de passos/dia teve correlação significativa com as dimensões sintomas e problemas (r=0,523;p=0,003), efeitos da doença (r=0,458; p=0,010), função sexual (r=0,361;p=0,050), sono (r=0,357;p=0,049), função física (r=0,617;p=<0,001), papel físico (r=0,504;p=0,004), dor (r=0,496; p=0,005), bem estar emocional (r=0,407; p=0,023), papel emocional (r=0,435;p=0,014), função social (r=0,522;p=0,003), energia/fadiga (r=0,436;p=0,014) e composição física (r=0,598;p=<0,001). As variáveis idade, índice de massa corporal, tempo de hemodiálise e sexo não apresentaram correlação com o número de passos/dia. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação positiva entre atividade física e qualidade de vida, ou seja, quanto maior a média de número de passos/dia melhor a qualidade de vida de indivíduos em hemodiálise.

INTRODUCTION: The changes imposed by kidney disease and its treatment negatively affect the quality of life of individuals with kidney disease. Physical activity is reported as a therapeutic alternative in this population; however, most patients undergoing hemodialysis have low levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To verify the correlation between physical activity and quality of life in individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: This study is observational, analytical, descriptive, and quantitative developed in one of the Hemodialysis Units in the Northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in tertiary clinical care, during the period from November 2018 to February 2019. Individuals over 18 years old and undergoing hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease for more than three months; belonging to the hemodialysis service. Data collection was performed by analyzing clinical and electronic medical records and semi-structured interviews. Evaluation using pedometers and the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short FormKDQOL-SFTM questionnaire was used. Regression modeling analyzes were performed to test the association between the number of steps/ day and the evaluated outcomes. RESULTS: 40 (Forty) patients were included in the sample, of which 70% are men, with a mean age of 59.9 ± 13.0 years. In the correlation between physical activity and quality of life, the number of steps / day had a significant correlation with the dimensions symptoms and problems (r=0,523;p=0,003), effects of the disease (r=0,458; p=0,010), sexual function (r=0,361;p=0,050), sleep (r=0,357;p=0,049), physical function (r=0,617;p=<0,001), physical role (r=0,504;p=0,004), pain (r=0,496; p=0,005), emotional well-being (r=0,407; p=0,023), emotional role (r=0,435;p=0,014), social function (r=0,522;p=0,003), energy / fatigue (r=0,436;p=0,014) and physical composition (r=0,598;p=<0,001). The sample profile variables did not correlate with the number of steps/day. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between physical activity and quality of life; that is, the higher the average number of steps/day, the better the quality of life of individuals undergoing hemodialysis.

Multiform invasion of life by work among basic education teachers and repercussions on health / Invasão multiforme da vida pelo trabalho entre professores de educação básica e repercussões sobre a saúde

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Several studies have pointed to a scenario of precariousness and illness among teachers. However, the way the profession resonates with the personal life of teachers has not received significant attention, even if it is common for them to take work home. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the repercussion of work on the everyday life of teachers and its implication on the health-disease process. METHODS: This is a qualitative study based on individual semi-structured interviews, complemented by a form of sociodemographic characterization. Data were analyzed by thematic coding with the aid of the MAXQDA 12 software. This study included 29 teachers from four public schools of the municipal and state networks of regular and full day education of São Paulo, in addition to the principal of each school. RESULTS: The results indicated that the illnesses arising from work have been projected on the personal life of teachers. We identified four main forms of manifestation of this type of invasion: continuous link with work by successive frustrations; moral harassment; uninterrupted pending matters; and interference over the private course of life. CONCLUSION: The social and pathogenic suffering caused by the invasion of life by work pointed to this phenomenon as one of the elements that can help explain the recurrent clinical pictures of illness among teachers.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos têm apontado para um cenário de precarização e adoecimento entre os professores. Entretanto, o modo como o trabalho repercute sobre a vida pessoal de professores não tem recebido significativa atenção, mesmo que lhes seja comum levar trabalho para casa. OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou a repercussão do trabalho sobre a vida pessoal cotidiana de professores e sua implicação sobre o processo saúde-doença. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo que se utilizou de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, complementadas por formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de codificação temática com auxílio do software MAXQDA 12. Participaram do estudo 29 professores de quatro escolas públicas das redes municipal e estadual dos ensinos regular e integral de São Paulo, além dos seus respectivos diretores. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram que os agravos advindos do trabalho têm se projetado sobre a vida pessoal dos professores. Identificamos quatro formas principais de manifestação desse tipo de invasão: vinculação contínua com o trabalho por: frustrações sucessivas; abalo moral; pendências ininterruptas; e interferência sobre o curso privado da vida. CONCLUSÃO: O sofrimento de amplitude social e de tipo patogênico que a invasão da vida pelo trabalho produz apontou para este fenômeno como um dos elementos que podem ajudar a explicar os recorrentes quadros de adoecimento dos professores.

Fatores associados ao presenteísmo em trabalhadores da indústria / Presenteeism and associated factors in industry workers

Resumo Introdução: o presenteísmo pode ser definido como estar no trabalho mesmo percebendo limitações, físicas ou psíquicas, que podem reduzir a capacidade laborativa. Objetivos: estimar a prevalência do presenteísmo e sua associação com características sociodemográficas, estilos de vida, aspectos relacionais no trabalho e interpessoais e condições gerais de saúde em trabalhadores da indústria na Bahia. Métodos: o presenteísmo foi medido pelo somatório das respostas positivas às questões sobre falta de vontade, falta de concentração e indisposição ou desânimo para o trabalho, em conjunto com o absenteísmo negativo. Utilizou-se na análise multivariada o modelo de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar a magnitude das associações por meio da razão de prevalências. Resultados: entre os dados analisados de 2.093 trabalhadores, ter menos de 30 anos, ter maior escolaridade, apresentar dor, dormir mal, sentir-se estressado e experimentar sentimentos negativos em relação à vida associaram-se a maiores prevalências de presenteísmo. Conclusão: o presenteísmo pode evoluir para piora progressiva da saúde do trabalhador. Portanto, identificá-lo precocemente e promover intervenções para reduzir seus determinantes é um desafio para as organizações.

Abstract Introduction: presenteeism can be defined as being at work despite perceiving limitations, physical or psychological, which can reduce the work ability. Objectives: to estimate presenteeism prevalence and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, life styles, work and interpersonal relational aspects and general health conditions in industry workers in Bahia, Brazil. Methods: presenteeism was measured by the sum of positive responses to questions about lack of motivation, lack of concentration, and indisposition or discouragement to work, along with negative absenteeism. In the multivariate analysis, we used the Poisson model with robust variance to estimate the associations magnitude by means of the prevalence ratio. Results: among the 2,093 workers whose data were analyzed, be under 30 years of age, having higher education, feel pain, having poor sleep quality, feeling stressed and experiencing negative feelings about life were associated with higher prevalence of presenteeism. Conclusion: presenteeism can lead to a progressive worsening of the worker's health, so early identification and promoting interventions to reduce its determinants is a challenge for organizations.

Autopercepção de saúde associada à percepção de qualidade de vida em idosas praticantes de atividade física de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil / Self-perception of health associated with perception of quality of life in elderly people practicing physical activity in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil / Salud autopercibida asociada a la percepción de calidad de vida en mujeres de edad avanzada que practican actividad física en Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil

Com o envelhecimento da humanidade, concepções de saúde e qualidade de vida dos idosos mostram-se pertinentes no debate científico. Desse modo, este estudo objetivou verificar a associação da autopercepção de saúde com qualidade de vida de idosas que praticam atividade física, através de uma pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e correlacional. Concluiu-se que a percepção de saúde parece estar associada a bons escores da percepção de qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa que pratica atividade física.

With the aging of humanity, conceptions of health and quality of life of older people show up relevant in the scientific debate, so this study aimed to verify the association of self-perceived health with the quality of life of older women who practice physical activity, through quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational research. We conclude that the perception of health seems to be associated with good scores of perception of the older person's quality of life practicing physical activity.

Con el envejecimiento de la humanidad, las concepciones de salud y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores se hacen pertinentes en el debate científico; por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo el objetivo de verificar la asociación entre la autopercepción de salud con calidad de vida de mujeres mayores que practicaban actividad física, a través de una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y correlacional. Se concluye que la percepción de salud parece estar asociada a buenos puntajes de percepción de calidad de vida de la persona mayor que practica actividad física.

Intraurban differentials of perinatal mortality: modeling for identifying priority areas / Aspectos intraurbanos de la mortalidad perinatal: modelo para identificación de áreas prioritárias / Diferenciais intraurbanos da mortalidade perinatal: modelagem para identificação de áreas prioritárias

Abstract Objective: To analyze the intraurban spatial distribution of perinatal mortality, its avoidability, and relationship with socioeconomic indicators in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, in the period from 2013 to 2015. Method: An ecological study with data from the Information Systems on Mortality and Live Births and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, using neighborhoods as the analysis unit. We elaborated an indicator of social deprivation formed by variables from the demographic census. We estimated the Kernel density of the deaths and calculated the Moran index of the perinatal mortality coefficients in the spatial analysis. We elaborated thematic maps of avoidable perinatal mortality and social deprivation. Results: The global statistical analysis of the mortality distribution indicated evidence of spatial aggregation. Moran's index was 0.18. We found clusters of perinatal mortality in neighborhoods of the Central, North, Northwest, and South Regions. In the North, Northwest, Southwest, and South Regions we identified neighborhoods with greater social deprivation and avoidable mortality coefficients. The primary cause of death was of fetuses and newborns affected by hypertensive maternal disorders. Conclusion: We demonstrated intraurban differentials in perinatal mortality among neighborhoods. The stratification of the urban space according to the social deprivation indicator presented a relation with the perinatal mortality and its avoidability.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la distribución espacial intra urbana de la mortalidad perinatal, la capacidad de su prevención yla relación con indicadores socioeconómicos en la ciudad de Recife, estado de Pernambuco, en el período entre 2013 y 2015. Método: Estudio ecológico con datos de losSistemas de Información sobre Mortalidad y Nacidos Vivos, y del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, utilizando barrios como unidad de análisis. Se elaboró un indicador de carencia social formado por variables del censo demográfico. Se estimó la densidad de Kernel de muertes yse calculó el índice de Moran de los coeficientes de mortalidad perinatal en el análisis espacial. Se elaboraron mapas temáticos de la mortalidad perinatal evitableyde la carencia social. Resultados: El análisis estadístico global de la distribuciónde la mortalidad mostró evidencias de agregación espacial. El índice de Moran fue de 0,18. Se encontraron clústers de mortalidad perinatal en barrios de las Regiones Centro, Norte, Noroeste y Sur. En las Regiones Norte, Noroeste, Sudoeste y Sur se identificaron barrios con mayor carencia social y coeficiente de mortalidad evitable. La principal causa de muerte fue feto y recién nacido afectados por trastornos hipertensivos durante el embarazo. Conclusión: Se observaron diferentes aspectos intraurbanos en la mortalidad perinatal entre barrios. La estratificación del espacio urbano de acuerdo con el indicador de carencia social presentó relación con la mortalidad perinatal y la capacidad de su prevención.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial intraurbana da mortalidade perinatal, sua evitabilidade e a relação com indicadores socioeconômicos no Recife, Pernambuco, no período entre 2013 e 2015. Método: Estudo ecológico com dados dos Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e Nascidos Vivos e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, utilizando bairros como unidade de análise. Elaborou-se um indicador de carência social formado por variáveis do censo demográfico. Estimou-se densidade de kernel dos óbitos, e calculou-se o índice de Moran dos coeficientes de mortalidade perinatal na análise espacial. Elaboraram-se mapas temáticos da mortalidade perinatal evitável e da carência social. Resultados: A análise estatística global da distribuição da mortalidade apontou evidências de agregação espacial. O índice de Moran foi 0,18. Verificaram-se clusters da mortalidade perinatal em bairros das regiões Centro, Norte, Noroeste, Sudoeste e Sul. Com exceção do Centro, identificaram-se bairros com maior carência social e coeficiente de mortalidade evitável em todas as regiões. A principal causa de morte foi feto e recém-nascido afetados por transtornos maternos hipertensivos. Conclusão: Mostraram-se diferenciais intraurbanos na mortalidade perinatal entre bairros. A estratificação do espaço urbano, de acordo com o Indicador de carência social, apresentou relação com a mortalidade perinatal e sua evitabilidade.

Spatial Agglomeration of Health Industry and the Improvement of Residents'Health Level: Based on the Perspective of Threshold of Agglomeration and Spatial Spillovers / 中国卫生经济

Objective: To analyze the current non-linear and spatial dependence of health industry clustering and residents' health level in China. Methods: Using the panel data of China from 2002 t0 2017, the panel threshold model and the spatial Dubin model were constructed to conduct empirical tests. Results and Conclusion: Based on the internal perspective of the region, it was found that whether the health industry cluster would inevitably promote the improvement of residents' health level was bound by the threshold of agglomeration scale. Only when the agglomeration scale was in the median interval of [1.209, 1.763], the output effectiveness of the health industry cluster was more significant; based on the spatial spillover perspective, the positive health "spill effect" caused by the accumulation of health and health industries in the surrounding areas had made compensation on the “health short board” of the health and health industry in the region although the health and industrial clusters in the region had not made significant contributions to the improvement of the health of local residents.

Technology and Policy Challenges in the Adoption and Operation of Health Information Exchange Systems / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify problems and issues that arise with the implementation of online health information exchange (HIE) systems in a medical environment and to identify solutions to facilitate the successful operation of future HIE systems in primary care clinics and hospitals. METHODS: In this study, the issues that arose during the establishment and operation of an HIE system in a hospital were identified so that they could be addressed to enable the successful establishment and operation of a standard-based HIE system. After the issues were identified, they were reviewed and categorized by a group of experts that included medical information system experts, doctors, medical information standard experts, and HIE researchers. Then, solutions for the identified problems were derived based on the system development, operation, and improvement carried out during this work. RESULTS: Twenty-one issues were identified during the implementation and operation of an online HIE system. These issues were then divided into four categories: system architecture and standards, documents and data items, consent of HIE, and usability. We offer technical and policy recommendations for various stakeholders based on the experiences of operating and improving the online HIE system in the medical field. CONCLUSIONS: The issues and solutions identified in this study regarding the implementation and operate of an online HIE system can provide valuable insight for planners to enable them to successfully design and operate such systems at a national level in the future. In addition, policy support from governments is needed.

The radiology information system and picture archiving and communication system integration method based on HL7 standard / 中国医学装备

Objective:To analyse the dataflow and clinical flow in Suzhou municipal hospital radiology information system and picture archiving system, presents a set of system integration messages, and describes the effect of each message for the communication. Methods: Follow the framework of IHE and HL7 protocol, the paper uses standard messages to integrate two different systems for patient and study status communication. The integration can meet clinical users’ requirements.Results: Based on many years practice, the integration reached designed target.Conclusion: With further research on standard, the seamless system integration between different systems can help customer to make full use of each system and save more cost in system purchase.

Convergence of Health Level Seven Version 2 Messages to Semantic Web Technologies for Software-Intensive Systems in Telemedicine Trauma Care / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: To present the technical background and the development of a procedure that enriches the semantics of Health Level Seven version 2 (HL7v2) messages for software-intensive systems in telemedicine trauma care. METHODS: This study followed a multilevel model-driven approach for the development of semantically interoperable health information systems. The Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) ABCDE protocol was adopted as the use case. A prototype application embedded the semantics into an HL7v2 message as an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file, which was validated against an XML schema that defines constraints on a common reference model. This message was exchanged with a second prototype application, developed on the Mirth middleware, which was also used to parse and validate both the original and the hybrid messages. RESULTS: Both versions of the data instance (one pure XML, one embedded in the HL7v2 message) were equally validated and the RDF-based semantics recovered by the receiving side of the prototype from the shared XML schema. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the semantic enrichment of HL7v2 messages for intensive-software telemedicine systems for trauma care, by validating components of extracts generated in various computing environments. The adoption of the method proposed in this study ensures the compliance of the HL7v2 standard in Semantic Web technologies.

Bidirectional transmission and standardization of LIS and instrument in hospital / 中国医学装备

Objective:The one-way communication between traditional LIS system and equipment has been unable to meet the needs of business development of medical laboratory in our hospital, we need to upgrade our equipment and to develop the bidirectional communication interface between LIS and equipment.Methods: Our hospital has invested a lot of money to upgrade previous One-way communication interface based on ASTM, the new instrument specifications conform to HL7 standard, and develop bidirectional transmission program based on HL7.Results: After the implementation of the bidirectional communication, testing equipment can automatically identify bar code to get the test request information, after the completion of the test instrument, the inspection unit can automatically send sample results to LIS.Conclusion: Bidirectional transmission improves the work efficiency, transmission based on HL7 is not only fast, but also conducive to the sharing of data between heterogeneous medical information systems, and it is a general tendency.

Autopercepção de saúde em quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Self-perceived health among ‘quilombolas’ in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil

ResumoComunidades quilombolas vivenciam situação de vulnerabilidade social, mesmo mais de um século da abolição da escravatura, principalmente em relação aos cuidados de saúde. O estudo objetivou conhecer a autopercepção da saúde (APS) em comunidades quilombolas do Norte de Minas Gerais e os fatores associados à percepção negativa da própria saúde. Inquérito domiciliar com amostra representativa das comunidades quilombolas da região estudada. Foram utilizados instrumentos validados para coleta de dados sobre a APS, condições socioeconômicas e demográficas, hábitos de vida e morbidade autorreferida. Após análise bivariada, conduziu-se análise de regressão logística hierarquizada. A prevalência de APS negativa foi de 46,0%. As seguintes variáveis mostraram-se estatisticamente associados a uma APS negativa: idade e escolaridade, como variáveis distais e hipertensão, diabetes, artrite, depressão e problemas de coluna como variáveis proximais. A APS mostrou-se associada a dimensões demográficas, socioeconômicas e, especialmente, à morbidade autorreferida. O conceito de saúde para as comunidades quilombolas estudadas parece estar intimamente ligado à ausência de doenças, especialmente as crônicas.

AbstractOver a century has passed since slavery was abolished in Brazil, yet quilombola communities remain socially vulnerable, especially when it comes to health. The goal of this study was to understand self-perceived health (SPH) in quilombola communities in Northern Minas Gerais, and the factors associated with their negative -perceived their own health. A household survey of a representative sample of quilombola communities in the study region. Validated tools were used to gather data about SPH, socioeconomic conditions, demographics, lifestyle and self-referred morbidity. Following a bivariate analysis, we proceeded to conduct a hierarchical logistics regression analysis. The prevalence of negative SPH was 46.0%. The following variables were statistically associated with negative SPH: age and years of schooling as distal variables, and high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis, depression and back problems as proximal variables. SPH is associated with demographic and socioeconomic dimensions, and in particular with self-referred morbidity. The concept of health among the quilombola communities included in this study seems to be intimately linked to the absence of disease, especially chronic disease.

Developing a Common Health Information Exchange Platform to Implement a Nationwide Health Information Network in South Korea / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop a common health information exchange (HIE) platform that can provide integrated services for implementing the HIE infrastructure in addition to guidelines for participating in an HIE network in South Korea. METHODS: By exploiting the Health Level 7 (HL7) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Cross-enterprise Document Sharing-b (XDS.b) profile, we defined the architectural model, exchanging data items and their standardization, messaging standards, and privacy and security guidelines, for a secure, nationwide, interoperable HIE. We then developed a service-oriented common HIE platform to minimize the effort and difficulty of fulfilling the standard requirements for participating in the HIE network. The common platform supports open application program interfaces (APIs) for implementing a document registry, a document repository, a document consumer, and a master patient index. It could also be used for testing environments for the implementation of standard requirements. RESULTS: As the initial phase of implementing a nationwide HIE network in South Korea, we built a regional network for workers' compensation (WC) hospitals and their collaborating clinics to share referral and care record summaries to ensure the continuity of care for industrially injured workers, using the common HIE platform and verifying the feasibility of our technologies. CONCLUSIONS: We expect to expand the HIE network on a national scale with rapid support for implementing HL7 and IHE standards in South Korea.

HL7 in personal health system component's integration for mental health treatment / HL7 como componente de integração em Sistema de PEP para tratamento em Saúde Mental

Help4Mood is a project inside 7th European Framework Programme (FP7) for developing a computational distributed system to support remotely the treatment of patients with major depression at home. Core components are integrated with Health Level Seven (HL7) standard. One of the main goals of this system is to use the paradigm of a Virtual Agent to support the first symptoms of clinician alert of a patient, to interact with him an to prevent some causes of relapse. The system processes inputs from different devices (to monitor sleeping, eating and motor activity) in a decision support system, and the Virtual Agent interacts with the patient before clinical support from hospital is needed. The technical framework is using the open source HL7-standard-based healthcare integration engine, Mirth Connect, to interact with the different subsystems, analyze data and give different priorities for messages in queues. Particularly, the use of standard HL7 will contribute to interest in the project results and the potential impact through the development, dissemination and use, as stated in the analysis of the European commission.

Help4Mood é um projeto do 7 º Programa de Framework Europeu (FP7) para desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional distribuído para apoio remoto de tratamento domiciliar de pacientes com depressão. Os principais componentes são integrados com o padrão Health Level Seven (HL7). Um dos objetivos principais deste sistema é a utilização do paradigma de um agente virtual para apoiar os primeiros sintomas de alerta clínico de um paciente, interagirindo com ele de forma a impedir que algumas ocorrências de recaída. O sistema processa as entradas de dispositivos diferentes (para monitorar a dormir, comer e atividade motora) em um sistema de apoio à decisão, e o Agente Virtual interage com o paciente antes que o atendimento clínico hospitalar seja necessário. O framework usa o código-fonte ?open source? como motor de integração baseado no padrão HL7, chamado ?Mirth Connect? a fim de interagir com os diferentes subsistemas, analisar os dados, e dar prioridades diferentes para as mensagens enviadas. A utilização do padrão HL7, por certo, contribuirá para os resultados do projeto e o impacto potencial através do desenvolvimento, difusão e utilização, como referenciado na análise da Comissão Europeia do programa.

Almacenamiento externo de los datos patronímicos de un CDA / External storage of the patronymic data on a CDA

En el Uruguay el Decreto Nº 396/003 sobre Historia clínica electrónica establece que los datos patronímicos tienen que separarse de los datos clínicos salvo contexto de atención medica, el CDA es un documento que normalmente contiene ambos. Utilizamos esta especificación para registrar el documento clínico referente a la ?descripción operatoria?, restringiendo lo patronímico a un solo identificador, el cual permite encontrar los datos almacenados en otro sistema desacoplado. La conciliación del identificador con la información patronímica, se realiza mediante transacciones IHE pertenecientes al perfil PDQ de forma transparente al usuario autorizado, que edita o revisa el documento.

In Uruguay, the Decree No. 396/003 on electronic medical records states that patronymic data must be separated from clinical data except in the medical care context, the CDA is a document that typically contains both. We use this specification to record the clinical document regarding ?operative description?, restricting the patronymic information to a single identifier, which allows to find data stored on another disengaged system. Reconciliation of the identifier with the patronymic information is effected through IHE transactions belonging to the PDQ Profile which it is done transparently to the user authorized to edit or revise the document.

Design and implementation of disease notification system based on HL7 standards / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective According to the lack of timeliness in the current domestic disease notification system,an effective solution is proposed to solve the problem.Methods Based on research and analysis of the health information exchange standards HL7 (Health Level 7),which is widely used in the world,a solution on the base of HL7 standards is proposed in this study,to store,transfer,analyze and publish data.Results The solution allows medical institutions and the centers for disease control connect seamlessly,ensuring the data transfer in time,and publishing the data through Web service.Conclusion The solution can keep the people abreast of the latest status of the epidemic,and do their own protection as well as promote social stability.

The Development of Clinical Document Standards for Semantic Interoperability in China / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed at developing a set of data groups (DGs) to be employed as reusable building blocks for the construction of the eight most common clinical documents used in China's general hospitals in order to achieve their structural and semantic standardization. METHODS: The Diagnostics knowledge framework, the related approaches taken from the Health Level Seven (HL7), the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE), and the Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel (HITSP) and 1,487 original clinical records were considered together to form the DG architecture and data sets. The internal structure, content, and semantics of each DG were then defined by mapping each DG data set to a corresponding Clinical Document Architecture data element and matching each DG data set to the metadata in the Chinese National Health Data Dictionary. By using the DGs as reusable building blocks, standardized structures and semantics regarding the clinical documents for semantic interoperability were able to be constructed. RESULTS: Altogether, 5 header DGs, 48 section DGs, and 17 entry DGs were developed. Several issues regarding the DGs, including their internal structure, identifiers, data set names, definitions, length and format, data types, and value sets, were further defined. Standardized structures and semantics regarding the eight clinical documents were structured by the DGs. CONCLUSIONS: This approach of constructing clinical document standards using DGs is a feasible standard-driven solution useful in preparing documents possessing semantic interoperability among the disparate information systems in China. These standards need to be validated and refined through further study.

The Development of a Graphical User Interface Engine for the Convenient Use of the HL7 Version 2.x Interface Engine / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: The Health Level Seven Interface Engine (HL7 IE), developed by Kyungpook National University, has been employed in health information systems, however users without a background in programming have reported difficulties in using it. Therefore, we developed a graphical user interface (GUI) engine to make the use of the HL7 IE more convenient. METHODS: The GUI engine was directly connected with the HL7 IE to handle the HL7 version 2.x messages. Furthermore, the information exchange rules (called the mapping data), represented by a conceptual graph in the GUI engine, were transformed into program objects that were made available to the HL7 IE; the mapping data were stored as binary files for reuse. The usefulness of the GUI engine was examined through information exchange tests between an HL7 version 2.x message and a health information database system. RESULTS: Users could easily create HL7 version 2.x messages by creating a conceptual graph through the GUI engine without requiring assistance from programmers. In addition, time could be saved when creating new information exchange rules by reusing the stored mapping data. CONCLUSIONS: The GUI engine was not able to incorporate information types (e.g., extensible markup language, XML) other than the HL7 version 2.x messages and the database, because it was designed exclusively for the HL7 IE protocol. However, in future work, by including additional parsers to manage XML-based information such as Continuity of Care Documents (CCD) and Continuity of Care Records (CCR), we plan to ensure that the GUI engine will be more widely accessible for the health field.

Development of an Electronic Claim System Based on an Integrated Electronic Health Record Platform to Guarantee Interoperability / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: We design and develop an electronic claim system based on an integrated electronic health record (EHR) platform. This system is designed to be used for ambulatory care by office-based physicians in the United States. This is achieved by integrating various medical standard technologies for interoperability between heterogeneous information systems. METHODS: The developed system serves as a simple clinical data repository, it automatically fills out the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)-1500 form based on information regarding the patients and physicians' clinical activities. It supports electronic insurance claims by creating reimbursement charges. It also contains an HL7 interface engine to exchange clinical messages between heterogeneous devices. RESULTS: The system partially prevents physician malpractice by suggesting proper treatments according to patient diagnoses and supports physicians by easily preparing documents for reimbursement and submitting claim documents to insurance organizations electronically, without additional effort by the user. To show the usability of the developed system, we performed an experiment that compares the time spent filling out the CMS-1500 form directly and time required create electronic claim data using the developed system. From the experimental results, we conclude that the system could save considerable time for physicians in making claim documents. CONCLUSIONS: The developed system might be particularly useful for those who need a reimbursement-specialized EHR system, even though the proposed system does not completely satisfy all criteria requested by the CMS and Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). This is because the criteria are not sufficient but necessary condition for the implementation of EHR systems. The system will be upgraded continuously to implement the criteria and to offer more stable and transparent transmission of electronic claim data.